Osteoarthritis: symptoms, treatment,

11 April 2020

Osteoarthritis is a degenerative joint disease characterized by the slow progressive destruction of the articular cartilage. Arthritis includes a group of joint diseases destructive in the inflammatory type, which have a variety of causes, in a similar development mechanism.

Osteoarthritis is one of the most common diseases in the world, occupying the leading position of women, and in men over the age of 30, with age, the risk of developing the disease only increases.

The causes of the pathology

Osteoarthritis develops as a result of the violation of metabolic processes in the joints, against which there is intra-articular cartilage begins to lose the water it becomes elastic. The factors that contribute to such changes of the cartilage in the inside of the external reasons for this:

the hormonal changes;
the age of the office;
genetic predisposition;
rheumatoid arthritis;
excessive load on the joints;
injury in injuries, sprains, fractures, bruises, torn ligaments;
changes in the metabolism within the joint, associated with obesity, diabetes;
hypothermia;
the lack in the unbalanced diet, which causes the body to lose calcium, omega 3 to 6 fats in protein;
the inflammatory process in the joint;
violation of the blood supply to the head of the femoral – Perthes disease;
the problem with the thinning of the blood, an inherited disease;
autoimmune diseases (lupus, rheumatoid arthritis.

The trigger for the development of osteoarthritis may also be specific conditions that have nothing to do with the decisions as follows:

gonorrhea;
syphilis;
hyperthyroidism;
thyroiditis.

To be at risk by the people who are involved with heavy physical labour, including forced hypothermia, the pride, the increased stress on the musculoskeletal system, and the miners, Smiths, athletes, movers in pregnant women.

The symptoms of osteoarthritis of the

The first symptom of the osteoarthritis of the pain of having a minimum of stress on the joint that is moving faster and is about the angle of the angle of the joint is left alone. Osteoarthritis is characterized by 4 major clinical signs:

The pain – in the case of osteoarthritis the pain, which has some of the characteristics of the contrast of the pain of the joint, or the accidental damage to the sore inside it. First of all, we need to be aware of the occurrence of the discomfort of the pain with any movement of the load on the affected joint. There is a person to stop the movement, in removing the strain, as the pain will disappear, just like that, that it is not possible to injury or inflammation. During the night, destroyed a total of almost does not cause the patient discomfort, the pain of it is possible to change the position of the body, but it is so quickly passing by. The acute progression of the destructive processes in the joints at night may be the pride of a sharp shooting pain that will gradually become stronger and stronger in the adaptation of life-style. Acute pain will occur with every change of the weather, the changing of the phases of the moon the slightest effort.
Ip – sound is a result of a reduction in softness of the rotation of the bone around the joint, resulting in no rubbing of the bones of the drug to the other, and is provided with a distinctive crunch. The progression of degenerative processes in the joint, the crunch becomes more and more evident in the accompanied by pain.
Limitation of joint mobility – in the early stages of the development of the pathological limit of the process of expressing mobility out there, but the progression of the destruction of the joint within the patient, the more difficult to do simple actions. Over time, the impact of the joint is completely immobilized.
The deformation of the joint in the bones of the area began as the in order to grow osteophytes in the synovial fluid accumulates. The deformation of the joint is observed, which runs the extent of the pathological process.

Degenerative processes in the joint are not developed quickly, the disease is characterized by stages of exacerbation to remission, and from whom the patients are reluctant to seek medical help, thereby contributing to the progression of the destructive processes in the joint.

The stage

In the stage of progression of the pathological process in the joint use of is determined by the x-rays. Be determined only in the 4 stages of the disease:

The first one is slightly to the characteristic narrowing of the joint space, and a pathological growths without any bone there;
Second – there has been a slight decrease in the total area of the surface of the bone osteophytes thus formed;
The third joint area is reduced, the surface of the bone at multiple osteophytes, is a deformity of the joint;
Fourth, the articular ridges of both nearly there, there are multiple osteophytes, severe deformation of the joint.

The rate of

Osteoarthritis is expressed in the form of degenerative, in the destructive joint in the processes that affect the cartilage, development of, and changes in the capsule of the synovial membrane of the joint in the ligaments around it in the bone structure. Depending on the severity of the intensity of these LRB-a, if you want to assign to the 3 degrees of osteoarthritis.

The first stage of the

Expressed in volume or a change in the common well, but to disturb, and the synovial fluid – that it leads to under-provision of the joint tissues with nutrients, water minerals, which causes the cartilage does not easily become versatile in in the it is not adapted to the load. Over a period of time, it causes the inflammation of the joint, which is the motion accompanied by pain on stress of the joint.

In the first instance, osteoarthritis is one of their patients do not seek medical care, writing off the discomfort, in pain, in an uncomfortable position during sleep, tiredness, unhealthy life-style. Sometimes the patient can notice a distinctive crunch affected in total, but it is not accompanied by severe pain, just a discomfort, however, again, no one pays a lot of attention.

If, on the osteoarthritis diagnosis of the accident during the first stage of the disease, which may be treatable.

The second step in the

At this stage, the disease is accompanied by destructive processes in the cartilage tissue within the joints. On the surface of the bone strenuously grow osteophytes, the more intense the load on the affected area and particularly it will be more of a progress of the destruction.

Until the patient complains of constant pain in the shooting character of the pain, which is regularly held with each other in a long time that it is felt. But then the disease progresses again. Against the background of a pathological muscles of the process, the surrounding the inflamed joint, they gradually lose their functions, causing the patient of the tyre, in it doesn't transfer to the physical stress, which can be easily displayed before. The second stage of osteoarthritis, the patient is gradually progressing deformity of the cartilage in the joint.

The third level of

Most of it Is bad. The intra-articular cartilage of the affected joint thins into a hard-breaks, which leads to a clearly visible deformation of the dysfunction of the affected limb. It is Situated upon the common ties of the missty experiences of the nutrients in the shortage of oxygen is gradually atrophy, which is accompanied by severe loss of mobility. In this case, the patient all the while suffering from an acute pain which increases with any attempt to change the position of the body when the weather changes in gradually over the phases of the moon to me leads to a complete loss of function.

The types of arthritis

It depends on what the cause is, it triggers the pathological processes within the joint, there is a primary osteoarthritis, the leader of the idiopathic.

The primary develops as an independent disease, as a secondary result of an injury or an infection, the cause of the idiopathic form is unknown. In addition to the classification of the disease according to the causes of the pathological process distinguish osteoarthritis of the site of a devastating data on the changes:

Gonarthrosis is the most frequent type of pathology characterized by a knee injury. Osteoarthritis is the most commonly detected in people with obesity, chronic diseases of the metabolism of the body, weakening the immune system. Osteoarthritis progresses to the knees for long periods of time will gradually lead not to a loss of full motor function.
Osteoarthritis of the ankle – the main reason for the development of the processes involved in the degenerative to the ankle, so injuries, sprains, strains, fractures. In some cases, the pathological process may be triggered by autoimmune diseases (rheumatoid arthritis. Ankle arthrosis is exposed to the dancers, the women, who wear high-heels, outdoor.
Shoulder arthrosis is a common major cause of the degenerative process at this stage, as the congenital anomalies of the shoulder, or a total of over load in the range of, for example, when you are carrying heavy Luggage on the backs.
Coxarthrosis, arthrosis, or of the hip joint – the main reason for the emergence of such age-related changes in the tissues of the joint. To be at risk of both over the age of 45 years.
Encountres, or arthrosis of the cervical – causes, such injury to the neck, progressive low back pain, being overweight, a sedentary life-style. At the risk of the people who are working on the computer in the office. In addition to the expressed pain in the neck in patients with marked dizziness, depression of consciousness, memory impairment in the visual fatigue. These symptoms are the result of compression of the vertebral arteries, through which the brain receives the nutrients and the substances in the oxygen.
Spondiloarthrosis – the devastating destruction of the tissues of the spinal column, in in my lumbar Section of. At risk for women during the period of the menopause, such as spondylosis progresses on the background of the lack of a female sex hormones.
Osteoarthritis of the fingers, it is evolving, for the same reason that the spondylosis.
The polyarthrosis – is characterized by involvement of multiple joints with progressive degenerative processes in it, while the pathological is included in the process, the ligaments, the muscles, in the tissues surrounding the joint.

The possible complications of

In the absence of a timely diagnosis in the treatment of osteoarthritis of the progress of that case from other decisions, the promotion of the development of the gruzevich operation in the development of polyarthrosis.

Complications of osteoarthritis so as to the following States:

the destruction of the integrity of the joint;
the shape of the deformation;
limit;
the disability of the patient.

All of these complications result in a significant reduction in the quality of life for the patient, please provide the associated of the disease, in the disorder completely disable the patient.

The diagnostic methods of the

The diagnosis Of the disease, the patient should seek the assistance of traumatologist-orthopedist. In order to differentiate osteoarthritis of the iz and other diseases of the joints of the musculoskeletal system, there is provided an x-ray in 2 projections. In this case study is that it helps to track the changed portions of the tissue adjacent to the joint are affected, the presence of damage to the bones, in the ligaments, osteopenia areas.

If necessary, the doctor may additionally prescribe an MRI, a CT scan, in the arthroscopy. In some cases, to produce a puncture of the joint to the withdrawal of synovial fluid.

The treatment of osteoarthritis of the

Arthritis the Treatment is best done in the early stages, and there is a better response to the disease is a conservative therapy. It is important to assess the progressively destructive, the cause of changes in the aggregate at the time of the arrest of these factors.

Treatment of osteoarthritis of the complex to include the elimination of the inflammatory process, relieve pain, halt the progression of the pathological process, the restoration of a lost function of a joint. Conservative treatment includes medications in the physiotherapeutic selection of methods of treatment.

Medicine

The treatment of osteoarthritis of the, you know, what to do in a variety of places of localization of the pathological process:

Osteoarthritis of the fingers in the hands – the patient is to reduce pain prescribe non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs in the form of an ointment, cream, gel. In order to prevent the progression of the pathological process, is shown receiving the chondroprotectors. After the relief of an acute inflammatory process of the normal massage in the physiotherapy treatment.
In the case of arthrosis of the shoulder joint in a joint injection, a patient drugs to relieve pain in a non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs. The oral can be to schedule meetings of the antispasmodic medication, which will relax the muscles by reducing some of the intensity of the pain. After the relief of acute inflammation of the joint pain appears, therapeutic physical training and massage.
Osteoarthritis of the knee – giving a non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs locally in the form of compresses, ointments, gels. Affected be shown On a common physiotherapeutic treatment.
Osteoarthritis of the hip joint – to the affected area, apply a compress soaked in a grease, or a group, iz, gel-NSAID in the inside of the joint to be injected, an injection to relieve pain.
Osteoarthritis of the knee in the affected area, apply creams, in gels, with the analgesic effect of the pain after the relief of the exacerbation of the inflammation shown physical methods of treatment.
Ankle osteoarthritis – the patient is recommended to strogi the rest of the bed, with a maximum rest to the affected joint. With the subsiding of acute inflammatory process, therefore, is assigned physiotherapy, bath, in the massage rooms.

Physiotherapy treatment

The effective physiotherapeutic methods, which are widely used by different levels of severity of osteoarthritis include the following:

Shock wave therapy effectively relieves the patient's iz growths osteophytes, which eliminates the pain to the limit of the wearer;
Stimulation of the muscles surrounding the affected joint, with the electric currents, the procedure is highly effective in patients with severely reduced mobility when they travel by helping to improve blood circulation in the joint, accelerating the regenerative processes, improves the muscle tone.
Ozone therapy in the cavity of a joint of the gas mixture is introduced, thereby reducing patient pain, normal joint flexibility, clear signs of the infection. The effect Of the ozone rates of the therapy is to be carried out;
Phonophoresis – the impact on the affected area of the ultrasonic waves by the use of the drug. In this method, the medication is much more efficient, because the ultrasound waves to deliver drugs directly to an injury.

In addition to the physiotherapy treatment includes physical therapy, physical therapy, massage, manual therapy, mechanotherapy.

Diet

A diet for osteoarthritis is to be handed in to rich in polyunsaturated fatty acids, proteins, trace elements. It is recommended that the diet include the fresh fish, vegetable oils, dairy products, dairy products, meat, fresh vegetables, the fruit.

In the diet should also exclude items from the meal into the "fast" carbohydrates, chocolate, coffee, alcohol, pork products, fatty, in a spicy dish.

The surgical treatment of

Conservative therapy, If there is no the result is not the expected result, or osteoarthritis diagnoses in an advanced stage, when significant degenerative changes in the joint, with severe, mobility-limiting, then the patient is prescribed by the surgery.

Surgical treatment of osteoarthritis of the will is carried out by several of the following ways:

The puncture of the affected joint – this type of diagnostic therapy. The withdrawal of the synovial liquid allows you to precisely specify the type of the origin of the disease to effective treatment. During the puncture operation of the common cavity makes corticosteroid in a variety of anti-inflammatory drugs, which immediately relieves pain in the relieves the load on the joint.
Arthroscopy in the joint cavity, the arthroscope a thorough examination of the joint from the inside. During the surgery, the doctor can remove growths in the bones at a variety of neoplasms.
Osteotomy – joint-bone a bit of the performance of special adaptation of the tools to the fixed correct position, which not only allows to restore a motor function, but also for the relief of the patient, the iz and discomfort in the severe pain.
The total replacement of the destroyed joint is to be removed, in the on the site of the prosthesis to install the iz and the high-quality material, it is completely take over the function of lost a total, to ensure the full mobility of the limb, in the to save the patient from pain.

The prevention of

The Prevention of osteoarthritis of the integrated campaign:

keeping healthy in an active lifestyle;
efficient in the proper diet;
changing bad habits;
the prevention of damage to the damage to the joints;
a timely treatment of inflammatory processes.

People in at risk groups need to be especially alert to the smallest changes in the joints of the appearance of pain, the crunching creaking immediately seek the advice of traumatologist-orthopedist.